Abstract
Users’ satisfaction in indoor spaces plays a key role in building design. In recent years, scientific research has focused more and more on the effects produced by the presence of greenery solutions in indoor environments. In this study, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept is used to define an effective solution to monitor indoor environmental parameters, along with the biometric data of users involved in an experimental campaign conducted in a Zero Energy Building laboratory where a living wall has been installed. The growing interest in the key theory of the IoT allows for the development of promising frameworks used to create datasets usually managed with Machine Learning (ML) approaches. Following this tendency, the dataset derived by the proposed infield research has been managed with different ML algorithms in order to identify the most suitable model and influential variables, among the environmental and biometric ones, that can be used to identify the plant configuration. The obtained results highlight how the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)-based model can obtain the best average accuracy score to predict the plant configuration considering both a selection of environmental parameters and biometric data as input values. Moreover, the XGBoost model has been used to identify the users with the highest accuracy considering a combination of picked biometric and environmental features. Finally, a new Green View Factor index has been introduced to characterize how greenery has an impact on the indoor space and it can be used to compare different studies where green elements have been used.
Highlights
Users’ satisfaction in indoor spaces is a key point in the design process of a comfortable building environment
The scientific research has focused, for example, on the analysis of the micro-environmental fallout with regard to the ability of specific plants to contribute to the improvement in Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
The results show that the perceived stress of patients is reduced in the presence of indoor plants
Summary
Users’ satisfaction in indoor spaces is a key point in the design process of a comfortable building environment. The study of the effects produced by the presence of greenery solutions in indoor environments has engaged the international scientific literature since the late 1980s on some different and complementary fronts, leading to a significant spread of green potted elements and of a vertical green façade, known as a “vertical garden” or “living wall”. The scientific research has focused, for example, on the analysis of the micro-environmental fallout with regard to the ability of specific plants to contribute to the improvement in Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Sensors 2020, 20, 2523 have a strong potential to improve IAQ by removing organic tracks of air pollutants in energy-efficient buildings (the most exposed to the problems of sick environment). Moving from the studies carried out by NASA, most recently, Pegas et al [2] corroborated the previous results concerning the ability of plants to improve IAQ, reducing air pollutants’ (CO2 , VOCS and PM10) concentrations
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