Correlation between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Atrophy Examined in the Sera of Mongolian People

Avarzed Amgalanbaatar,Kentaro Sugano,Yoshikazu Hirai,Hirofumi Shimomura,Hiroaki Okamoto,Tsatsralt-Od Bira

doi:10.3390/gidisord1020019

Abstract

Serum specimens obtained from 680 individuals were examined to measure the amounts of pepsinogens 1 and 2, anti-CagA antibodies, and anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies. We examined sera obtained from 610 Mongolian individuals living in the capital city, Ulaanbaatar. Seventy serum specimens were collected from Japanese people who were health-screened: These were stored at the gastroenterology laboratory of Jichi Medical University. The sera of the Japanese people were used as a control specimen. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, an E-plate ELISA kit from Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and a Biohit ELISA kit from Biohit Oyj (Helsinki, Finland), were used for the detection of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in the sera of the 610 Mongolian people. An ELISA kit EIA-4138 from DRG Instruments GmbH (Germany) was used for the detection of anti-CagA IgG antibodies in the serum specimens. Serum pepsinogens were detected by an ELISA kit from Biohit Oyj. Of the 610 serum specimens, 385 specimens tested positive for the detection of anti-H. pylori antibodies using the two ELISA kits, and 47 tested negative. For the detection of anti-H. pylori antibodies by the Biohit ELISA kit, 560 and 50 specimens were positive and negative, respectively. The ratio of serum pepsinogen 1/2 was statistically lower (p < 0.0001) in the H. pylori-positive (560 specimens) than in the H. pylori-negative (50 specimens) specimens. However, the levels of serum pepsinogen 1 had no statistical significance (p = 0.465) between the specimens of the H. pylori-positive and -negative specimens. The ratio of serum pepsinogen 1/2 was 6.74 ± 0.12 in the H. pylori-positive specimens, whereas the ratio of serum pepsinogen 1/2 was 12.69 ± 1.02 in the H. pylori-negative specimens. This study demonstrated the high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Mongolian people, including young generations, and the people infected with H. pylori possessed low pepsinogen 1/2 ratios, indicating atrophic gastritis. The serological examinations by the two ELISA kits did not consistently reflect the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Mongolian people.

Highlights

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative curved rod bacterium with polar flagella as the motility organs
We measured anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in the 610 serum specimens from Mongolian people using either the E-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit or the Biohit ELISA kit to examine the H. pylori-positive rate
We examined the ratio of pepsinogen 1/2 in the serum specimens from the 610 Mongolian people, with 560 and 50 aliquots testing positive and negative, respectively, in the examination for anti-H. pylori antibodies using the Biohit ELISA kit

Summary

Introduction

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative curved rod bacterium with polar flagella as the motility organs. This pathogen colonizes the human stomach: Approximately half of the world’s population has been infected with it. Since 1994, H. pylori has been recognized as a class 1 carcinogen, as published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [1]. H. pylori colonizes the stomach of more than 50% of the world’s population. The majority of people colonized by H. pylori develop asymptomatic gastritis. Approximately 10% of individual patients infected with this pathogen develop peptic ulcers. About 1% of H. pylori-infected patients develop gastric cancer, and less than 0.1% develop gastric MALT lymphoma [2,3]

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Results

Conclusion