Correlation between graft maturity and knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Abstract

To investigate the correlation between graft maturity and knee function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. A total of 50 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with autologous tendons between August 2016 and August 2018 were included in the study. There were 28 males and 22 females, with an average age of 31.0 years (range, 18-50 years). At 6 months and 2 years after operation, the signal to noise quotient (SNQ) values of tibial and femoral ends of graft were measured by MRI, and the mean value was taken as the SNQ value of graft. The function of knee joint was evaluated by Tegner, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. The differences in SNQ values between tibial and femoral ends were analyzed at 6 months and 2 years after operation. The correlation between SNQ value at 6 months after operation and knee function score at 2 years after operation was analyzed. According to SNQ value at 6 months after operation, the patients were divided into group A (SNQ value≥12) and group B (SNQ value<12) and the correlation between SNQ value and knee function score was further analyzed. All incisions healed primarily without infection or injury of blood vessels and nerves. All patients were followed up 24-28 months (mean, 26.6 months). The IKDC, Lysholm, and Tegner scores at 6 months and 2 years after operation were significantly higher than those before operation ( P<0.05), and all scores at 2 years after operation were also significantly higher than those at 6 months ( P<0.05). The SNQ values at 6 months and 2 years after operation were 12.517±6.272 and 10.900±6.012, respectively, and the difference was significant ( t=1.838, P=0.007). The SNQ values of graft at 6 months after operation were significantly different from those at 2 years after operation ( P<0.05), and the SNQ values of tibial and femoral ends of graft at the same time point were significantly different ( P<0.05). The SNQ value of 50 patients at 6 months after operation was negatively correlated with Lysholm, IKDC, and Tegner scores at 2 years after operation ( r=-0.965, P=0.000; r=-0.896, P=0.000; r=-0.475, P=0.003). The patients were divided into groups A and B according to the SNQ value, each with 25 cases; the SNQ values of the two groups at 6 months after operation were negatively correlated with Lysholm, IKDC, and Tegner scores at 2 years after operation ( P<0.05). After ACL reconstruction, the knee function scores and graft maturity of patients gradually improved. The lower the SNQ value in the early stage, the higher the knee function score in the later stage. The SNQ value of MRI in the early stage after ACL reconstruction can predict the knee function in the later stage.