Correlation between facial types and muscle TMD in women: an anthropometric approach.

Ronaldo Pacheco De Araujo,Antônio Sérgio Guimarães,Luiz Eduardo Nunes Ferreira,Sidney Raimundo Figueroba,Francisco Carlos Groppo

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0084

Ronaldo Pacheco De Araujo, Antônio Sérgio Guimarães + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0084

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Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affecting the articular disc and/or the facial muscles are common among the population, recording a higher incidence in women age 20-40 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between facial types and muscle TMD in women. This study comprised 56 women age 18 to 49 years, seeking treatment for TMD at the School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo. All of the study individuals were diagnosed with muscle TMD, based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Facial type was determined using the Facial Brugsch Index and classified as euryprosopic (short and/or broad), mesoprosopic (average width) and leptoprosopic (long and/or narrow). The data were submitted to the Chi-square test and ANOVA-Tukey's test to conduct the statistical analysis. The faces of 27 individuals were classified as euryprosopic (48%), 18 as mesoprosopic (32%), and 11 as leptoprosopic (20%). A statistically significant difference (Chi-square, p = 0.032) was found among the facial types, in that leptoprosopic facial types showed the lowest values for muscle TMD. A greater number (p = 0.0007) of cases of muscle TMD were observed in the 20 to 39 year-old subjects than in the subjects of other age segments. In conclusion, women with euryprosopic facial types could be more susceptible to muscle TMD. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis.

Highlights

Miscegenation is a worldwide phenomenon and produces different biotypes among humans
A statistically significant difference (Chi-Square, p = 0.032) was found among the facial types, in that the leptoprosopic type showed the lowest values for muscle Temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Patients were selected based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD),[23] according to which all patients had to present with muscular TMD and not articular TMD, for homogeneity purposes

Summary

Introduction

Miscegenation is a worldwide phenomenon and produces different biotypes among humans. Three distinct facial types (euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, and leptoprosopic), as well as extreme variations (brachyfacial and dolichofacial), have been reported in the literature. Craniometry, the branch of physical anthropology that deals with the study and measurement of skulls, was the first resource used to investigate human body growth. Craniometric reference points are used to determine the variations in skull shape. Cranial dimensions, such as width, length, and height, are used to classify facial types.[1] Measurement of the head, involving the bones of the cranium and the face of living beings, is called cephalometry.[2]

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