Abstract
Objective: Menopause is a condition of permanent cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. This occurs due to the loss of follicular ovarian activity so that estrogen levels decrease in the body. Menopause can occur at various ages, where the average age of menopause is 51-55 y. Menopause can affect oral tissues as well as other organ systems and cause xerostomia. Some of the symptoms of xerostomia include burning feelings, taste abnormalities, dysarthria, dysphagia, dysgeusia, and halitosis.
 Methods: This study uses a case series design to assess the correlation between estradiol levels and the incidence of xerostomia in menopausal women. The incidence of xerostomia using the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) Score. This research was conducted in several places, namely H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and the hospital network of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatra Utara. The study population was all postmenopausal women at the H. Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan and the Obgyn FK USU network hospital that met the study inclusion-exclusion criteria. This research was conducted in February with a minimum sample of 38 people.
 Results: In this study, 38 samples were obtained. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the most age groups were in the range of 56-60 y, the duration of menopause in the 5-10 y group, and the highest Body Mass Index (BMI) was obesity. The mean value of estradiol in menopausal women was 23.61±8.37 pg/ml; the mean value of XI score in menopausal women was 24.29±9.44. The correlation of estradiol levels and XI scores in menopausal women is a strong negative correlation that is-0.651 (p value<0.05). Correlation value of XI score and obesity in menopausal women is a low positive correlation with r = 0.342 (p value<0.05) while the value of correlation XI score with menopausal women who are not obese is a strong positive correlation with r = 0.793 (p value<0, 05).
 Conclusion: Changes in the oral cavity are caused by aging and hypoestrogenism. The mean age of postmenopausal women was 56.98±4.35, with a mean BMI of 28.24±4.41. Estradiol levels in menopausal women are lower than women of reproductive age in each phase of the menstrual cycle. Significant reduction in estrogen production during menopause causes a decrease in salivary flow, leading to hyposalivation and symptoms of xerostomia.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005, menopause is the cessation of menstrual cycles forever for women who previously menstruated every month, due to the number of follicles experiencing atresia continues to increase until follicles are no longer available, marked amenorrhoea in the last twelve months in a row, and not caused by pathological conditions
Estradiol levels in menopausal women are lower than women of reproductive age in each phase of the menstrual cycle
Estradiol levels in menopausal women are lower than women of reproductive age in each phase of the menstrual cycle [24]
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005, menopause is the cessation of menstrual cycles forever for women who previously menstruated every month, due to the number of follicles experiencing atresia continues to increase until follicles are no longer available, marked amenorrhoea in the last twelve months in a row, and not caused by pathological conditions. The National Institute for Health and Care in 2015 recommends diagnosis of menopause in women aged 45 y and over who have not had a menstrual episode for at least 12 consecutive months and are not using hormonal contraception [1,2,3,4,5]. Estradiol levels in postmenopausal women are lower compared to women of reproductive age in each phase of the menstrual cycle. Obese women have higher estrogen levels compared to thin women because of increased peripheral aromatization. Circulating estradiol levels after menopause are around 10-20 pg/ml, mostly derived from peripheral conversion of estrone, mainly from peripheral conversion from and rostenedione. Circulating estrogen levels in menopausal women are higher than estradiol, around 30-70 pg/ml. The average postmenopausal estrogen production rate ranges from 45μg/24 h [6,7,8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
