Abstract
BackgroundRemnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) is highly atherogenic, which is associated with atherosclerosis. However, RLP-C has not been routinely measured in the clinical practice. We estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles and examined the association between estimated RLP-C and related factors including nutrient intake.MethodsThis study was performed in Uku town, Nagasaki prefecture, Japan in 2019. A total of 225 subjects were enrolled and directly measured RLP-C levels. Estimated RLP-C levels were defined as the following formula [total cholesterol − (LDL-cholesterol) − (HDL-cholesterol)]. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between estimated RLP-C and atherogenic factors. We calculated cut-off values on dichotomized RLP-C (< 7.5 mg/dL vs. ≥ 7.5 mg/dL) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe mean values of directly measured RLP-C levels and estimated RLP-C were 4.0 mg/dL and 16.4 mg/dL, respectively. In the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, directly measured and estimated RLP-C levels were independently and commonly associated with apolipoprotein E, triglycerides, and vegetable fat intake (inversely). Using ROC curves, we found the cut-off value of estimated RLP-C was 22.0 mg/dL.ConclusionWe demonstrated that the estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles may substitute for directly measured RLP-C and these levels were independently and inversely associated with vegetable fat intake in the community-dwelling Japanese population.
Highlights
Remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) is highly atherogenic, which is associated with atherosclerosis
In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles may substitute for directly measured RLP-C and that these levels were independently and inversely associated with vegetable fat intake in the communitydwelling Japanese population
SE standard error, Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, RLP-C remnant-like particle cholesterol, HT hypertension, DM diabetes, DL dyslipidemia Data are means ± standard deviation or percentage, unless otherwise indicated aLog-transformed values were used for the statistical calculation and reconverted to antilogarithm forms in the tables
Summary
Remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) is highly atherogenic, which is associated with atherosclerosis. We examined whether estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles may substitute for directly measured RLP-C. Our cohort is a small fishing community in Uku town, Japan, the eating pattern in the subjects of the present study was similar to that reported in the results of the National Nutrition Survey [12]. In this circumference, this study was designed to investigate a relationship between directly measured or estimated RLP-C and long-term vegetable fat intake in the community-dwelling Japanese population
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