Abstract
Both electrical properties and biomarkers of biological tissues can be used to distinguish between normal and diseased tissues, and the correlations between them are critical for clinical applications of conductivity (σ) and permittivity (ε); however, these correlations remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate potential correlations between electrical characteristics and biomarkers of breast cancer cells (BCC). Changes in σ and ε of different components in suspensions of normal cells and BCC were analyzed in the range of 200 kHz–5 MHz. Pearson's correlation coefficient heatmap was used to investigate the correlation between σ and ε of the cell suspensions at different stages and biomarkers of cell growth and microenvironment. σ and ε of the cell suspensions closely resembled those of tissues. Further, the correlations between Na+/H+ exchanger 1 and ε and σ of cell suspensions were extremely significant among all biomarkers (pε < 0.001; pσ < 0.001). There were significant positive correlations between cell proliferation biomarkers and ε and σ of cell suspensions (pε/σ < 0.05). The microenvironment may be crucial in the testing of cellular electrical properties. ε and σ are potential parameters to characterize the development of breast cancer.
Highlights
Both electrical properties and biomarkers of biological tissues can be used to distinguish between normal and diseased tissues, and the correlations between them are critical for clinical applications of conductivity (σ) and permittivity (ε); these correlations remain unknown
The conductivity (σ) and permittivity (ε) of different biological tissues vary in terms of frequency, and change with their physiological and pathological states; these can be used as indicators for biomedical or clinical applications to detect and diagnose diseases[4]
The effect of the radio frequency (RF) we used on the cell suspension system was further examined
Summary
Both electrical properties and biomarkers of biological tissues can be used to distinguish between normal and diseased tissues, and the correlations between them are critical for clinical applications of conductivity (σ) and permittivity (ε); these correlations remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate potential correlations between electrical characteristics and biomarkers of breast cancer cells (BCC). Certain frequency ranges of electrical properties have been linked to pathological states of tissues, reports correlating σ and ε with physiological and pathological characteristics of cells are r are[5]. The electrical properties of breast cancer were found that changes in the number of proteins on the cell membrane of breast cancer cells at different stages had no significant effect on σ10. Breast cancer has unique characteristics of tumors, such as unlimited proliferation, abnormal energy metabolism and acidic microenvironment[12] These are the main pathological features that distinguish tumors from normal tissues. They did not investigate the correlation between the pathological changes in these tumorigenesis processes and electrical properties. The electrical properties measurement in cell level does not take into account of the influence on σ by the cell microenvironment, while the material exchange with the microenvironment is inevitable during the cell growth process
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