Correlation between corneal endothelial layer features and age-related macular degeneration severity.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between corneal endothelial layer features and the severity of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The study included 119 patients, with 47 females and 72 males. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the AREDS grading system: no AMD (group 1), mild AMD (group 2), moderate AMD (group 3), and advanced AMD (group 4). Only the right eye of patients with both eyes suitable for the study was included. Corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CoV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using specular microscopy (Konan Medical Inc., Nishinomiya, Japan). Group 1 had 40 patients, group 2 had 27 patients, and groups 3 and 4 had 26 patients each. Significant differences were observed between the mean endothelial CD, CoV, and HEX values among the groups, while no significant difference was found in CCT values (p = 0.049, p = 0.002, p = 0.004, and p = 0.883, respectively). A mild negative correlation was observed between AMD severity and CD and HEX values, while a mild positive correlation was found between AMD severity and CoV. Increasing severity of AMD may negatively impact corneal endothelial layer values.