Correlation between cognitive tests with scales, vestibular exam and questionnaires for dizziness in the elderly

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe vestibular system interacts with various cognitive functions, including spatial navigation processes, spatial perception, body representation, mental images, attention, memory, risk perception and social cognition. Studies inform that cognitive impairment is an important risk factor for changes in motor performance and body balance.MethodCross‐sectional, observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of 38 elderly people with vestibular dysfunction confirmed by cervical and ocular VEMP exams and/or Video Head Impulse Test (v‐HIT). The procedures of this research were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University under the number CAAE 49714221.0.0000.5149. All participants signed the Informed Consent Form (FICF). Cognitive tests were applied in a room with the patient seated. Paper and pencil were used and all cognitive tests, scales and vestibular exams were performed by the same trained researcher. Analysis using the SPSS program ‐ version 22.0. The distribution of variables was verified using the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. Correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson test. We adopted a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).ResultA positive correlation was found between the MMSE with the gain of the left semicircular canal and negative with the asymmetry of the lateral canals. The Frontal Assessment Battery was negatively correlated with the VAS and positively correlated with the left semicircular canal. The Pfeffer questionnaire showed a positive correlation with the VAS, DHI and its functional and emotional subscales, in addition to a negative correlation with the Berg balance scale. The geriatric depression scale correlated negatively with the VAS and the Berg balance scale and positively correlated with the total DHI and its functional and emotional subscales.ConclusionIn this study, cognitive aspects, depressive symptoms and functionality were correlated with decreased gain of the left semicircular canal, greater asymmetry of the lateral canals, higher scores on the visual analogue scale, greater impact of dizziness on quality of life and greater risk of falls.