Abstract
Objective:To evaluate the correlation between refractive errors and change in intraocular pressure in patients undergoing cataract surgery.Methods:This interventional retrospective case study was carried out from September 2018 to April 2019 at Bodla Eye Care and Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan. A total of 127 eyes were recruited in the study among which six were excluded. Out of remaining 121, 53 eyes were emmetropes, 41 were mild myopes and 27 were high myopes. Single surgeon performed the procedure. Pre-operative investigations of IOP and refractive error were done by goldmann tonometry and auto refractometry. IOP was reviewed at day 1, 7, 14 and 28 post cataract surgeries.Results:Out of 121 eyes, 53 eyes were emmetropes, 41 were mild myopes and 27 were high myopes, who underwent phacoemulsification. There was an elevation of 2-3mm Hg at Day-1, in emmetropes and mild myopes, and further on, a constant drop was noticed on follow ups. In high myopes a significant fluctuation of IOP was noted in first fourteen days followed by an unremarkable gradual decline afterwards.Conclusion:Cataract surgery helps lowering the IOP in patients with refractive errors. Mild myopic and emmetropic patients showed a linear swift pattern while high myopes presented instable and gradual reduction in IOP. A total decrease of 1-2mm Hg was seen at the end of the study depicting that relation between IOP and cataract surgery is insignificant.
Highlights
Cataract is an opacification in the lens of the eye interfering with visual functions,[1,2] with it being the cause of 39% of blindness and 33% of severe visual impairments across the world whereby the pervasiveness in age-related cataract cases seems to be increasing
Cataract surgery was suggested to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes with or without glaucoma, in addition to removing the opacified lens.[4,5] and after the success of cataract surgery it has been preferred for glaucoma patients.[6]
We found a higher IOP at day one and lower IOP at 7 and 14 days compared with IOP before surgery with no statistic difference (P = 0.49, P = 0.57, and P = 0.13,) With a considerably reduced 28-day IOP than before surgery (P < .001), respectively
Summary
Cataract is an opacification in the lens of the eye interfering with visual functions,[1,2] with it being the cause of 39% of blindness and 33% of severe visual impairments across the world whereby the pervasiveness in age-related cataract cases seems to be increasing. For years the cataract surgery has been performed and is still manifested beneficial in visual improvement.[3] Cataract surgery was suggested to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes with or without glaucoma, in addition to removing the opacified lens.[4,5] and after the success of cataract surgery it has been preferred for glaucoma patients.[6]. Various elements that affect the intraocular pressure in patients after a cataract surgery have been studied.[7] Sufficient information indicates that cataract surgery has a long-term reduction impact on IOP. This effect appears to be proportional to preoperative IOP. Eyes with greater preoperative IOP have the largest average decrease, whereas eyes with IOP in the reduced range of statistically normal range tend to have an IOP that stays unchanged from baseline or maybe higher after cataract surgery
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