Abstract
Objective To determine adipokines levels in patients with different etiologic subtypes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status. Methods Serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were determined by ELISA in 99 AIS patients and 59 stroke-free control group subjects. Stroke patients were grouped based on MetS, modified TOAST classification, and CHA2DS2-VASc scale in case of cardioembolic stroke following atrial fibrillation. Results No differences were found in all adipokine serum levels between AIS patients and appropriately matched control group. MetS-AIS patients had significantly higher leptin levels (22.71 ± 19.01 ng/ml versus 8.95 ± 9.22 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (10.71 ± 8.59 ng/ml versus 14.93 ± 10.95 ng/ml, p < 0.05) than non-MetS-AIS patients. In patients with cardioembolic stroke, leptin levels were significantly higher than in remaining stroke cases (19.57 ± 20.53 ng/ml versus 13.17 ± 12.36 ng/ml, p < 0.05) and CHA2DS2-VASc score positively correlated with leptin levels only (p < 0.001). Analysis of individual components of CHA2DS2-VASc score showed that hypertension, female gender, and diabetes had greatest impact on elevated serum leptin level. Conclusion This pilot study revealed that leptin could be a potential biomarker for risk stratification of cardioembolic stroke in MetS patients and that heterogeneity of stroke subtypes should be considered for more refined and precise clinical stroke studies.
Highlights
Abdominal fat tissue has been considered to be an energy storage for many years, but along with the discovery of adipokines, it has recently been highlighted as an active endocrine organ
The two study groups did not differ for sex, age, mean waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), or metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence
There were fewer past smokers (p < 0 01), as well as persons with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) (p < 0 001) and arterial hypertension (p < 0 05) but there were more cases with a history of diabetes or impaired glucose metabolism (p < 0 05)
Summary
Abdominal fat tissue has been considered to be an energy storage for many years, but along with the discovery of adipokines, it has recently been highlighted as an active endocrine organ. Like other cardiovascular diseases, is the result of a number of risk factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation (AF), and others. They are generally divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable ones, the latter of which are more interesting to physicians due to a possibility of therapeutic intervention. One of the newly considered modified risk factors is central
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