Abstract
PurposeTo quantitatively assess the blood oxygen levels of the cerebral vein using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and to analyze the correlation between magnetic susceptibility value (MSV) and clinical laboratory indicators/cognitive scores in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Materials and MethodsFifty-nine patients (21 males and 38 females) with clinically confirmed AD (AD group) and 22 control subjects (12 males, 10 females; CON group) were recruited. Clinical data and laboratory examination indexes were collected. All patients underwent Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clock Drawing Task, and Activity of Daily Living Scale test, as well as a routine MRI and enhanced gradient echo T2 star weighted angiography (ESWAN).ResultsHigher cerebral venous MSV was observed in AD group compared to CON group, significant differences were observed for bilateral thalamus veins and left dentate nucleus veins. The MSV of bilateral thalamus veins, bilateral internal cerebral veins, and bilateral dentate nucleus veins had significant negative correlation with Mini-mental State Examination score; the MSV of bilateral thalamus veins, bilateral dentate nucleus veins, right septal vein had a significant negative correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores; a significant negative correlation between the MSV of bilateral thalamus veins, left dentate nucleus vein, right septal vein and the Clock Drawing Task score; the MSV of bilateral thalamus veins, left dentate nucleus vein had a significant negative correlation with Activity of Daily Living Scale score. The MSV of left dentate nucleus vein was positively correlated with the course of the disease, the MSV of bilateral septal vein were positively correlated with the total cholesterol, and the MSV of left septal vein had a positive correlation with LDL.ConclusionDecreasing cerebral venous oxygen level in AD patients may affect cognitive status, and associated with the deterioration of the disease in AD patients.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most prevalent type of dementia in the elderly (Gong et al, 2019)
Higher cerebral venous magnetic susceptibility value (MSV) was observed in AD group compared to CON group, significant differences were observed for bilateral thalamus veins and left dentate nucleus veins
The MSV of left dentate nucleus vein was positively correlated with the course of the disease, the MSV of bilateral septal vein were positively correlated with the total cholesterol, and the MSV of left septal vein had a positive correlation with low density lipoprotein (LDL)
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most prevalent type of dementia in the elderly (Gong et al, 2019). AD is characterized by progressive cognitive and functional deficits and behavioral changes. Cerebral metabolic ratio of oxygen may decrease with the long-term cerebral blood perfusion insufficiency, which may affect the metabolism of neurons. It remains unclear whether the decrease of cerebral oxygen content is associated with the cognitive decline in patient with AD. Different MRI sequences are currently applied to quantify the changes in cerebral oxygen and calculate oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) (An et al, 2001). Local OEF can be calculated based on the changes in venous phase values of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), which has just been applied to clinical work (Barnes and Haacke, 2009; Kesavadas et al, 2010; Zaitsu et al, 2011; Li et al, 2013; Messina et al, 2014)
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