Abstract
To clarify the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in Japanese women aged 18-40 years with low forearm BMD. The subjects were Japanese 199 women who had been selected for inclusion in the study based on a low forearm BMD determined at the Annual Women's Health Examination. The subjects' mean (+/- standard deviation) age, body height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 33.5 (+/-4.3) years, 158.1 (+/-5.1) cm, 49.6 (+/-5.7) kg, and 19.8 (+/-2.1), respectively. The BMD of the lumbar spine, total body, and left arm were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat mass (FM), bone-free lean tissue mass (LTM), and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured simultaneously with DXA. In the structural equation model, the standardized regression weights for the path from BMI to BMD of all sites were 0.273-0.434. Conversely, the BF% to BMD of the total body and left arm were -0.192 and -0.296, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, the FM index (FMI) was significantly associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine as a weight-bearing site. The LTM index (LTMI) was significantly associated with the BMD of the total body and left arm as a non-weight-bearing site. Young females with low forearm BMD had low body weight and BMI. Thinness was shown to be a risk factor for low BMD, in accordance with results reported elsewhere. A gain in body weight may have the effect of increasing BMD, but our results suggest that to increase BMD, the gain in body weight must include increases in LTM, and not FM alone.
Highlights
The results showed a positive correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI) and an inverse correlation between BMD and body fat percentage (BF%)
Participants who were not targeted for the second examination
There were no differences in body height, body weight, BMI, Fat mass (FM), lean tissue mass (LTM), or bone mineral content (BMC) between females with and without a history of childbirth and abnormal menstrual cycles
Summary
M. Arimatsu Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. N. Kitano Faculty of Environment and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan. In terms of the bone life cycle, bone mass reaches its peak in individuals during their 20s and 30s and decreases with age. Khan reported [2] that common causes of low bone mineral density (BMD) among premenopausal females include ovulatory disturbances and low body weight. While there are numerous reports of young females with low bone mass who are either athletes with menstrual disorders or females with anorexia nervosa [3,4,5,6], there are not many reports on young females in the general population with low bone mass [7]
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