Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of blood glucose variability on early therapeutic effects after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and the levels of serum inflammatory factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsWe enrolled AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 h of the onset of symptoms. Clinical data, including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), glycosylated hemoglobin, mean blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, mean variation coefficient of blood glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, were compared between a group who showed improvement (the improvement group) and a group who did not show improvement (the non-improvement group). Relevant factors for early neurological improvement after thrombolysis with alteplase were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression models. A Pearson linear correlation analysis was also performed on blood glucose variation and inflammatory factor levels within the two groups.ResultsA total of 146 patients were included, 63 of which had early symptom improvement (43.15%). The diabetes ratio, atrial fibrillation ratio, baseline NHISS score, random blood glucose at admission, and glycosylated hemoglobin of patients in the improvement group were significantly lower than those in the non-improvement group (P < 0.05 in all cases). The mean blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, and mean blood glucose variation coefficients of patients in the improvement group were significantly lower than those in the non-improvement group (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory factor levels, including IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α and hs-CRP, were significantly lower in patients in the improvement group compared to patients in the non-improvement group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline NIHSS scores (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05–1.62, P = 0.02), glycosylated hemoglobin scores (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.78–3.98, P = 0.0005), diabetes (OR = 13.10, 95% CI = 1.63~131.45, P = 0.021), the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.92–5.00, P < 0.0001), and the mean variation coefficient of blood glucose (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.26–1.60, P = 0.0078) were significantly correlated with early symptom improvement after thrombolysis. Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that the standard deviation of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, and the mean variation coefficient of blood glucose were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels (P < 0.01).ConclusionsBlood glucose variability is correlated with early neurological improvement after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in AIS patients. With the increase of blood glucose fluctuation range, the inflammatory response is enhanced, which affects the prognosis of patients.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neurological Biomarkers, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neurology
Serum inflammatory factor levels, including IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-C-reactive protein (CRP)), were significantly lower in patients in the improvement group compared to patients in the non-improvement group (P < 0.05)
Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that the standard deviation of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, and the mean variation coefficient of blood glucose were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels (P < 0.01)
Summary
We enrolled AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 h of the onset of symptoms. Relevant factors for early neurological improvement after thrombolysis with alteplase were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression models. A Pearson linear correlation analysis was performed on blood glucose variation and inflammatory factor levels within the two groups. General Information Collection Baseline data, including gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), smoking history, drinking history, onset to treatment (OTT), and NIHSS score before thrombolysis, were collected for all patients. Patients after cerebral infarctions were treated with insulin hypoglycemia when blood sugar was more than 10.0 mmol/L, and when blood sugar was below 3.3 mmol/L, 10–20% glucose was administered orally or by injection. Patients who were unable to eat orally were given a nasal fluid diet, with their blood glucose levels closely monitored
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