Correlation between Bipolar Affective Disorder and Suicide reviewing by the risk factors: a systematic review

Sônia Izabel Romero De Souza ,Racquel Brito Da Silva,Lucas Fortes Portela Ferreira ,Antônio Gilvan Teixeira Júnior ,Lucas Alves Araújo De Oliveira ,Modesto Leite Rolim Neto

doi:10.3823/1704

Abstract

Background: Because there are several reports associations between affective (AD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide, the research develops a discussion of risk factors that inflence the occurrence of suicide attempts in patients with BD.Objectives: To relate risk factors present in patients with bipolar disorder who committed suicide or some suicide attempt.Methods: A survey was made in Scopus with the keyword "bipolar" and the terms "suicide" and "attempted"and "risk factors" from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). We use only Scopus as the data source, and the statistical information available in tables and graphs provided from this source.Results: Frequently the AD and BD were associated with suicide occurrence in the studies included in this review. They identifid the main risk factors for suicide the previous suicide attempt and hopelessness. The main risk factors for nonfatal suicidal behavior included family history of suicide, early onset of bipolar disorder, extent of depressive symptoms, increasing severity of affective episodes, the presence of mixed affective states, rapid cycling, comorbid Axis I disorders, and abuse of alcohol or drugs. The suicide rate in this disorder reaches three times compared with other mental illnesses, and there are several risk factors: 3:1 ratio of suicide in men compared to women, but in females a greater number of attempts are observed. 25% of persons consume alcohol prior to suicidal attempt. The studies relate these factors and show how they can pose a risk to the carrier of the disorder. There are other risk factor for BD discussed on this review.Conclusions: It is inferred that the factors related to the risk of suicide in patients with bipolar disorder are important to enable the development of strategies designed to identify a possible suicidal ideation, prevention and control of these deaths. These elements are well characterized and defied in the studies.

Highlights

Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania and / or mania
It is inferred that the factors related to the risk of suicide in patients with bipolar disorder are important to enable the development of strategies designed to identify a possible suicidal ideation, prevention and control of these deaths
Besides the associationwith HCL-BP-II, our study found that a family history of completed suicide and of depressive and bipolar disorders was linked with suicide attempts

Summary

Introduction

Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania and / or mania. BD has been responsible for the higher rate of suicidal behavior compared to any other mental disorder [1, 2]. It is a potentially lethal disease with a high risk of suicide completed, which again is associated with a history of suicide attempts [2]. Several studies suggest that previous suicide attempts of bipolar patients may indicate that they are over than 50% more likely to complete suicide [2]. Because there are several reports associations between affective (AD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide, the research develops a discussion of risk factors that influence the occurrence of suicide attempts in patients with BD

Objectives

Methods

Results