Abstract
Objective: The correlation between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and vitamin D levels was controversial. We explored age- and sex-related effects on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and correlation between 25(OH)D levels and BPPV.Subjects and Methods: We recruited 380 patients with BPPV and collected 25(OH)D records of 3,125 control subjects who were further divided into age- and sex-based subgroups. We respectively investigated the effects of sex and age on 25(OH)D by comparing sex- or age-based subgroups. Then, we separately compared levels of 25(OH)D in sex-and age-based subgroups between the BPPV and control group.Results: 25(OH)D levels in male subgroups were significant higher than those in female subgroup both in the BPPV and control group. With increasing age, 25(OH)D levels gradually increased, and there were significant between-subgroup differences for age in the control group. In males, the significant between-subgroup difference was observed only in the <40 year subgroup. Three female age-matched subgroups (<40, 40–49, and 60–69) showed significant between-subgroup differences.Conclusions: There are sex and age differences in vitamin D levels. For both male and female patients with BPPV aged <40 years and female patients with BPPV aged 40–49 and 60–69 years, the lower vitamin D level is a risk factor for BPPV. In female patients with BPPV aged 50–59 and >70 years, and male patients with BPPV aged >40 years, the correlation between vitamin D and BPPV is non-existent.
Highlights
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with a lifetime prevalence of 2.4% and believed to be an otoconia-related balance disorder [1, 2]
Based on literatures quoted above, we found that almost all researchers did not seriously consider the possible effects of sex and age ratio differences on the results in their studies on the correlation between vitamin D and BPPV
By comparing 25(OH)D level in male subgroup with that in female subgroup, we investigated the effects of sex on vitamin D levels in the BPPV and control group, respectively
Summary
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with a lifetime prevalence of 2.4% and believed to be an otoconia-related balance disorder [1, 2]. Known predisposing factors for BPPV include advanced age, head trauma, vestibular neuritis, Meniere’s disease, migraines, otologic surgery, and prolonged bed rest [3]. Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health problem worldwide that affects almost all age groups. Observational data has suggested a link between poor vitamin D status and a large number of major human diseases including cancer, muscle weakness, falls, infections, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other health problems [6, 7]
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