Correlation between alveolar cleft volume and alveolar bone quality in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: A cone-beam computed tomography study

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the correlation between alveolar cleft volume and fenestration and dehiscence in the adjacent alveolar bone in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections. Materials and methodsIn this descriptive, cross-sectional study, CBCT scans of 68 non-syndromic patients with UCLP aged between 6 and14 years were selected. All patients were treated in Iran and had undergone lip and palate repair surgery within the first 3 to 18 months after birth. CBCT scans had been taken after orthodontic expansion and prior to alveolar bone grafting surgery. Cleft volume, fenestration and dehiscence were assessed using Mimics software. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and logistic regression model. ResultsThe mean alveolar cleft volume was 628.66±172.84 mm3. There was a significant negative correlation between cleft volume and fenestration (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between cleft volume and dehiscence (P<0.001) in the adjacent bone. ConclusionThe Mimics software can be successfully used to estimate the cleft volume prior to surgical procedures in UCLP patients. The results suggest that the alveolar cleft volume can be used as an aid to assess the periodontal condition of adjacent teeth. The cleft volume has a negative and positive correlation with fenestration and dehiscence respectively.