Abstract
BackgroundStem hardness is one of the major influencing factors for plant architecture in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Evaluating hardness phenotypic traits is very important for the selection of elite lines for resistance to lodging in Gossypium hirsutum L. Cotton breeders are interested in using diverse genotypes to enhance fiber quality and high-yield. Few pieces of research for hardness and its relationship with fiber quality and yield were found. This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton.ResultsExperiments were carried out to measure the bending, acupuncture, and compression properties of the stem from a collection of upland cotton genotypes, comprising 237 accessions. The results showed that the genotypic difference in stem hardness was highly significant among the genotypes, and the stem hardness traits (BL, BU, AL, AU, CL, and CU) have a positive association with fiber quality traits and yield-related traits. Statistical analyses of the results showed that in descriptive statistics result bending (BL, BU) has a maximum coefficient of variance, but fiber length and fiber strength have less coefficient of variance among the genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) trimmed quantitative characters into nine principal components. The first nine principal components (PC) with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 86% of the variation among 237 accessions of cotton. Both 2017 and 2018, PCA results indicated that BL, BU, FL, FE, and LI contributed to their variability in PC1, and BU, AU, CU, FD, LP, and FWPB have shown their variability in PC2.ConclusionWe describe here the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of enhancing fiber quality and yield by stem bending strength, acupuncture, and compression properties of G. hirsutum.
Highlights
Cotton is one of the most important cash crops and major fiber crops in the world
Stem hardness variations among the genotypes The analysis of variances (ANOVA) results were given in Table 1 showing that genotypic differences in stem hardness were highly significant for traits like bending (BL and bending upper (BU)), and compression compression upper (CU)
Basic descriptive statistics of all the genotypes for morphological, yield and fiber traits were studied (Additional file 1: Table S1). It was observed in year 2018 data that maximum coefficient of variance (26.67% & 20.40%) was recorded in bending (BU & bending lower (BL)), respectively, which mean and SD was (0.08 & 0.19, 0.02 & 0.04) followed by acupuncture upper and lower (17.81% & 15.76%) compression upper and lower (14.96% & 13.45%), seed index (14%) and fiber length (14%) with a mean and SD of 0.07, 0.08, 0.54, 0.82, 12.30 & 30.39, 0.01,0.01,0.08,0.11,1.43 & 1.82, respectively
Summary
Cotton is one of the most important cash crops and major fiber crops in the world. The contribution of cotton to the total fiber used worldwide is about 35% (Zhang et al 2014). In the National Gene Bank for Cotton, China, 7 712 G. hirsutum accessions have been assessed All these accessions were collected from many cotton-producing countries around the world since 1865 when the United States introduced upland cotton (Dai et al 2016). To efficiently use these resources, various efforts have been made to investigate and evaluate cotton diversity (Fang et al 2017b; Huang et al 2017; Sun et al 2017; Wang et al 2017; Ma et al 2018). This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton
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