Correlation among Dielectric Properties, Vibrational Modes, and Crystal Structures in Ba[SnxZn(1–x)/3Nb2(1–x)/3]O3 Solid Solutions

Abstract

Ba[SnxZn(1–x)/3Nb2(1–x)/3]O3 (x = 0.0, 0.16, 0.226, 0.32, 0.4) solid solution ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Crystal structures are studied by X-ray diffraction, and vibrational modes are obtained by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform far-infrared reflection spectroscopy. The correlation among dielectric properties, lattice vibrational modes, and crystal structures are discussed by analyses of vibrational modes. Spectroscopic and structural data show sensitivity of dielectric properties to structures of samples with Sn4+ concentration, and optimized dielectric properties of Ba[SnxZn(1–x)/3Nb2(1–x)/3]O3 are found where x = 0.32. The changes of unit cell parameters and the bulk densities of the samples with Sn4+ concentration are discussed. The changes of dielectric properties with the Raman modes and their full width at half-maximum are obtained. The frequencies of phonon modes are determined, and the widths of phonon modes are related to ionic radii for th...