Abstract
There is a need in industry to supply safe, effective and reliable technique to characterize the stress of steel components and structures, both at the manufacturing stage and in service. Bridging the correlation between micro and macro magnetic properties and the applied tensile stress is the first conceptual step to come up with a new method of non-destructive material testing. We investigate the stress-associated changes in domain wall dynamics in grain-oriented electrical steel by in-situ magnetic imaging using magneto-optical indicator films. The 180° domain walls velocity distribution is used as a parameter for applied stress determination. Additionally, the in-plane magnetic stray field above the surface of the sample is synchronously measured for stress evaluation. The variations in magnetic stray field outside the sample under different loading are investigated for the analysis of the domain wall dynamics. From this, an interrelation of the domain wall dynamics and magnetic stray fields with varied tensile stress is derived. The results provide substantial microscopic and macroscopic insight for the interplay of domain wall dynamics and stress-induced demagnetizing effect.
Highlights
Measurements of electromagnetic properties, both on macroscopic and microscopic levels, are critical for physical material characterization and evaluation, as well as for scientific and industrial applications.1–3 The measurement of magnetic stray fields is a typical macroscopic non-destructive technique for material property characterization in ferromagnetic objects.4–6 The technique is based on the analysis of magnetic stray fields above the surface of a ferromagnetic material due to magnetic domain wall (DW) motion under the earth’s magnetic field or applied field excitation.7–10 Analyzing the magnetic stray field offers the possibility of evaluating the DW activity by an integral measurement technique
The basic domain structure with 180◦ DWs remains under a tensile stress of σ = 60MPa under the same field conditions (Fig. 4(b))
This paper correlates the variation of the in-plane magnetic field component above a magnetic surface and DW dynamics with a focus on stress characterization
Summary
Measurements of electromagnetic properties, both on macroscopic and microscopic levels, are critical for physical material characterization and evaluation, as well as for scientific and industrial applications. The measurement of magnetic stray fields is a typical macroscopic non-destructive technique for material property characterization in ferromagnetic objects. The technique is based on the analysis of magnetic stray fields above the surface of a ferromagnetic material due to magnetic domain wall (DW) motion under the earth’s magnetic field or applied field excitation. Analyzing the magnetic stray field offers the possibility of evaluating the DW activity by an integral measurement technique. Measurements of electromagnetic properties, both on macroscopic and microscopic levels, are critical for physical material characterization and evaluation, as well as for scientific and industrial applications.. The measurement of magnetic stray fields is a typical macroscopic non-destructive technique for material property characterization in ferromagnetic objects.. Due to the progress of magnetic domain observation techniques, imaging of DW dynamics have an increasing span of applications with capabilities of a relatively high spatial resolution measurement of the stress status in materials.. The knowledge of the magnetic domain behavior under mechanical loading gives unrivaled insight into the origin of variations in magnetic stray field at the surface of the ferromagnetic materials. The comparative analysis provides an important step for the understanding of the relation between the magnetic DW activity and the stress analysis, such as obtained by low-resolution measurement techniques
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