Abstract
Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at high risk for high levels of sedentary behaviour. To inform the development of programmes to reduce sedentary behaviour, insight into the correlates is needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the evidence on correlates of sedentary behaviour in adults with ID. We performed a systematic literature search in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to 19 January 2018, resulting in nine included studies that were published from 2011 to 2018. Correlates were categorized according to the ecological model. Studies predominantly focused on individual level correlates. Of those correlates studied in more than one study, having epilepsy was associated with less sedentary behaviour and inconsistent results were found for sex, genetic syndromes, weight status, physical health, mobility, level of ID, and mental health. Of the few interpersonal and environmental factors studied, only living arrangements were studied in more than one study, with inconsistent results. To date, we have limited and inconclusive evidence about correlates of sedentary behaviour in adults with ID. Only when future studies unravel correlates and determinants, across all domains of the ecological model, will the potential opportunities to improve health by reducing sedentary behaviour come within reach.
Highlights
Reducing sedentary behaviour is one of the new promising strategies to promote a healthy lifestyle and improve health [1,2,3]
Data was extracted with an adapted version of the data extraction form we previously developed for our review regarding sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) [12]
Most of the full-text articles were excluded because they did not report any correlates of sedentary behaviour or they reported a lack of physical activity instead of sedentary behaviour
Summary
Reducing sedentary behaviour is one of the new promising strategies to promote a healthy lifestyle and improve health [1,2,3]. The Sedentary Behaviour Research Network defines sedentary behaviour as any waking behaviour with an energy expenditure ≤ 1.5 metabolic equivalents (MET), while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture [4]. Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are a population at risk for the health consequences of high levels of sedentary behaviour. In a meta-analysis of population-based studies, the prevalence of ID was estimated to be 1% of the total population, with the highest prevalence in low- and middle income countries [9]. Even though this is a small portion of the population, the health care costs for this group are very high. In the USA, the lifetime costs of ID were estimated to be 51.2 billion dollars [11]
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