Correlates of Light Physical Activity Among Cancer Survivors

Abstract

Emerging evidence demonstrates positive health benefits of light physical activity (LPA) for cancer survivors. Yet, little research has explored modifiable factors that facilitate or hinder LPA behavior in this population. Furthermore, studies are often underpowered for conducting sub-group analyses. PURPOSE: To explore modifiable correlates of LPA among cancer survivors using a social cognitive framework, and how these correlates may differ among those engaging/not engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). METHODS: Self-report data from the third survey of the American Cancer Society’s Studies of Cancer Survivors I (N = 1720) were analyzed. Social cognitive variables of interest reflect cognitive determinants (i.e. perceived health competence and perceived susceptibility to cancer recurrence) and environmental determinants (i.e. healthcare provider support, perceived social support, and unsupportive partner behaviors). The Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire was used to create four LPA categories (0, 1-59, 60-119, and 120+ minutes/week). Ordinal regressions using forced entry were conducted, stratified by MVPA status (0 minutes of MVPA, ≥ 1 min MVPA). Models were adjusted for relevant covariates (i.e., demographic, cancer-related, health-related variables), missing data bias was examined, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the results. RESULTS: Among cancer survivors reporting no MVPA (n = 747), greater provider support for PA (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.49, p = .03), greater perceived health competence (aOR = 1.44, p = .01), and greater unsupportive partner behaviors (aOR = 1.06, p = .03) were significantly correlated with higher LPA. No constructs were correlated with LPA among cancer survivors already engaging in MVPA (n = 973). Missing data bias was small (Cramer’s V/Phi < 0.1). Results were similar in unadjusted analyses, and when stratifying by insufficient and meeting MVPA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of a social cognitive framework in explaining LPA among cancer survivors who do not engage in any MVPA was supported. Interventions may be more efficacious by incorporating healthcare provider support, improving health competence, and improving interpersonal skills that address unsupportive partners.