Correlates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder among adolescents with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)

Abstract

BackgroundDespite evidence regarding prevalence and correlates of cannabis use (CU) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) in adults, little is known about this topic among adolescents. MethodsData is from the 2001–2004 National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement, an in-person, cross-sectional epidemiologic survey of mental disorders. Participants included adolescents, ages 13–18 years, with MDD (n = 354 with CU, n = 70 with CUD, n = 688 with no CU), BD (n = 79 with CU, n = 32 with CUD, n = 184 with no CU), or adolescents without mood disorders (n = 1413 with CU, n = 333 with CUD, n = 6970 with no CU). Analyses examined prevalence and correlates of CU and CUD within MDD and BD groups. ResultsCU was most prevalent in adolescents with MDD followed by adolescents with BD then controls. CUD was most prevalent in adolescents with BD followed by adolescents with MDD then controls. In covariate-adjusted ordinal logistic regression models, within MDD and BD, CU and CUD groups had significantly higher odds of lifetime suicidal ideation/attempts, as well as other significant indicators of clinical severity. LimitationsBased on changes in cannabis acceptance, potency, and availability in the two decades since this study was conducted, present findings may underestimate adverse cannabis associations. ConclusionCU and CUD are both associated with adverse clinical characteristics in a community-based sample of adolescents with MDD and BD. Evidence that risks of cannabis use extend across the spectrum of use is important for adolescents with MDD and BD, in whom cannabis-related consequences tend to be more severe.