Correlated Response to Selection for Litter Size Residual Variability in Rabbits' Body Condition.

Peter Massányi,María-José Argente,Iván Agea,Agustín Blasco,María de la Luz García,Marcela Capcarová

doi:10.3390/ani10122447

Abstract

Simple SummarySelection for decreasing litter size residual variance has been proposed as an indirect way to select for resilience. Resilience has been directly related to welfare. A good body condition and efficient body fat mobilization have been associated with an optimal level of animal welfare. Two rabbit lines have been divergently selected for litter size residual variability. The low line selected for decreasing litter size variance more efficiently managed the body fat from mating to weaning in the second productive cycle in females compared to the high line, which could be related to the lower culling rate reported previously in the low line. Therefore, body condition can be used as a useful biomarker of resilience.A divergent selection experiment for residual variance of litter size at birth was carried out in rabbits during twelve generations. Residual variance of litter size was estimated as the within-doe variance of litter size after pre-correction for year and season as well as parity and lactation status effects. The aim of this work was to study the correlated response to selection for litter size residual variability in body condition from mating to weaning. Body condition is related directly to an animal’s fat deposits. Perirenal fat is the main fat deposit in rabbits. Individual body weight (IBW) and perirenal fat thickness (PFT) were used to measure body condition at second mating, delivery, 10 days after delivery, and weaning. Litter size of the first three parities was analyzed. Both lines decreased body condition between mating to delivery; however, the decrease in body condition at delivery was lower in the low line, despite this line having higher litter size at birth (+0.54 kits, p = 0.93). The increment of body condition between delivery and early lactation was slightly higher in the low line. On the other hand, body condition affected success of females’ receptivity and fertility at the third mating, e.g., receptive females showed a higher IBW and PFT than unreceptive ones (+129 g and +0.28 mm, respectively), and fertile females had a higher IBW and PFT than unfertile ones (+82 g and +0.28 mm, respectively). In conclusion, the does selected for reducing litter size variability showed a better deal with situations of high-energy demand, such as delivery and lactation, than those selected for increasing litter size variability, which would agree with the better health and welfare condition in the low line.

Highlights

Animal welfare is a priority in livestock production for ethical reasons and because poor animal welfare is associated with low production, poor health, and larger culling rate [1]
Body condition has been commonly used as a welfare indicator, due to its relations with fertility success and prevention of diseases (Barletta et al [7] in cattle; van Staaveren et al [8] in pigs; Sánchez et al [9] in rabbits)
The objective of this work was to study the correlated response to selection for litter size residual variability in the development of body condition from mating to weaning

Summary

Introduction

Animal welfare is a priority in livestock production for ethical reasons and because poor animal welfare is associated with low production, poor health, and larger culling rate [1]. Resilience is defined as the ability of an animal to maintain or quickly recover its performance in spite of environmental perturbations [2,3], it is directly related to welfare. The ability of an animal to efficiently mobilize its fat reserves can be essential for it to maintain, or quickly return to its production level. Body condition has been traditionally employed to measure the mobilization of fat reserves in livestock animals (Schröder and Staufenbiel [4] in cattle; Maes et al [5] in pigs; Pascual et al [6] in rabbits). Body condition has been commonly used as a welfare indicator, due to its relations with fertility success and prevention of diseases (Barletta et al [7] in cattle; van Staaveren et al [8] in pigs; Sánchez et al [9] in rabbits). Body condition may be connected to resilience, and monitoring it may be useful in resilience assessments

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