Correlated petrology and seismicity indicate rapid magma accumulation prior to eruption of Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka

Abstract

The increase in number and intensity of earthquakes during a pre-eruptive crisis is the main basis of seismic volcano monitoring. However, a strong understanding of how these seismic signals relate to magmatic processes in the magma plumbing systems prior to volcanic eruptions is crucial for these efforts. Here we compare the characteristics of a seismo-volcanic crisis prior to the 2010–2013 explosive-extrusive eruption of Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka with the timescales of processes in the magma plumbing system. These timescales are inferred from the numerical modelling of iron-magnesium intracrystalline interdiffusion in 88 zoned orthopyroxene crystals from dacites and silica-rich andesites collected after the eruption. We find that the eruptible magmas were assembled rapidly during a magma mixing process beginning around 1.5 years before the eruption, which is well correlated with the onset of the seismic crisis. We conclude that the observed seismic re-activation marked the onset of magma mixing and led to destabilization of the reservoir, followed by the eruption.