Corregistro de la actividad eléctrica cerebral y oculomotora: una alternativa para la investigación en dislexia

Abstract

Dyslexia is one of the most common developmental disorders at school age and affects approximately 5-15% of the population. Reading is a complex cognitive task and its comprehension requires the processing of visual input across a complex series of brief fixation pauses and saccadic eye movements, as well as retrieving, updating, and integrating contents of memory. This has led to current research making heavy use of two methods: recording eye movement (EMs) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs). However, results are still equivocal, and therefore, the neurobiology of dyslexia remains hotly debated. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature in which the findings of different neurophysiological studies published on the subject are addressed, as well as their limitations. The feasibility of simultaneously recording electrical brain activity and eye movements is then analysed by a detailed review of methodological challenges to consider. Finally, the possible benefits of this approach to reading studies and its potential applications in research into dyslexia are described.