Correction to: Laboratory Study on the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Copper Slag in Warm Mix Asphalt Pavements using Waste Engine Oil as a Rejuvenator

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effect of waste engine oil (WEO) on warm asphalt mixes incorporated with waste materials. Copper slag (CS) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), both considered waste materials were used in asphalt mixes. Seven types of mixes were prepared with different proportions of copper slag (0–15%) and RAP (0–30%) at 5%, 7.5%, and 10% WEO dosages. Marshall stability test, indirect tensile test, resilient modulus, and flow number test was carried to check the performance of these mixes. Also, a cracking test was used for evaluating the fracture energy of asphalt mixtures. It was found that asphalt mixes incorporated with CS (15%) and RAP (30%) performed similar to control mixes up to 7.5% rejuvenator dosages. The incorporation of copper slag (5%) improved the Marshall stability and tensile strength due to more angularity (multi-faced) and frictional angle (53°) of CS, resulting in excellent stability and load capacity. The resilient modulus in Mix 6 (30%RAP-5% CS) was observed to be maximum (3310.3 MPa). The use of waste engine oil softened the aged RAP bitumen, which leads to a decrease in stability, resilient modulus, rutting resistance, and increase in fracture energy. The RAP incorporated mixes showed lesser fracture energy due to the presence of stiff RAP bitumen. However, with the addition of WEO, the fracture energy increased which indicates that the cracking resistance of these mixes improved due softening action of WEO. Marshall quotient, which represents stiffness, decreased with an increase in CS content at all rejuvenator dosages.