Abstract
Correction: Thymosin Beta 4 Prevents Oxidative Stress by Targeting Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Genes in Cardiac Fibroblasts
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in regulating a variety of cellular functions, including gene expression, cell growth and cell death and has been implicated as one of the major contributors of cardiac damage in various cardiac pathologies [1,2,3]
Primary antibody for Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purchased from Upstate/Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA); Cu/ Zn-SOD from Assay Designs Inc., (Ann Arbor, myocardial infarction (MI), USA); catalase from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); collagen type I and collagen type III from Rockland Immunochemicals, (Gilbertsville, PA, USA); connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA), Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA)
The optimal concentration of H2O2 was determined from MTT experiment and standardized dose of 100 mM H2O2 which was used throughout the study
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in regulating a variety of cellular functions, including gene expression, cell growth and cell death and has been implicated as one of the major contributors of cardiac damage in various cardiac pathologies [1,2,3]. It has been suggested that an increased level of oxidative stress heart is primarily due to the functional uncoupling of the respiratory chain caused by inactivation of complex I in the mitochondria [10] or due to impaired antioxidant capacity, such as reduced activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase [6], or stimulation of enzymatic sources, including xanthine oxidase, cyclo-oxygenase, nitric oxide synthase, and nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases [11]. Considerable attempts have been made in the recent decades to discover an ‘‘ideal’’ cardio-protective agent, which can abrogate the oxidative damage and maladaptive changes in the heart. In this pursuit, thymosin b4 (Tb4) emerged as a powerful candidate
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