Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19393.].
Highlights
Standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) includes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CT/RT) followed by surgery [1]
Administration of chemoradiation before tumor resection has revolutionized the management of locally advanced rectal cancer, but many patients have proven resistant to this preoperative therapy
Questions have been raised about this approach, given that a pathological complete response is reported in only a minority of patients
Summary
Standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) includes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CT/RT) followed by surgery [1]. The clinical effectiveness of 5-FU is limited by drug resistance [3], and novel strategies are required to increase its therapeutic effect and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic response. This may enable the identification of patients who would respond to this treatment. MiRNAs act as negative regulators for mRNA expression via sequencecomplementary targeting of 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) and other regions in order to repress translation or mediation of mRNA [6, 7] Because their target genes can control multiple biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation, some miRNAs have been characterized as tumor suppressor genes or protooncogenes [8]. There is a very small overlap among reported sets of dysregulated markers, with only miR-21 [13, 16, 19] and miR-630 [15, 20] being described in common across published molecular signatures
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