Correction of myofunctional disorders in children with special needs

Abstract

The article presents myofunctional therapy in young children with special needs. The literature is analyzed and it is shown that this problem is quite rare. It is shown that the influence of anomalies in the structure and functions of the dental system on the formation and development of the musculoskeletal system of the maxillofacial region and the speech-communication mechanism in children). The reasons for the appearance of myofunctional disorders in children are presented. The causes of myofunctional disorders are: dysfunction; bad habits; genetic predisposition.
 Indications for the correction of disorders of muscle tone of masticatory and facial muscles have been established. Groups of manifestations of myofunctional disorders in children of primary school age are characterized. The following groups of manifestations of myofunctional disorders have been identified: group I – myofunctional disorders caused by biological determinants; group II – myofunctional disorders caused by social determinants; group III – myofunctional disorders caused by biosocial determinants.
 Systems of work on correction of disorders in children are presented. A comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of the positive dynamics in overcoming the manifestations of disorders of facial expressions, oral, articulatory praxis and physiological speech breathing is given. The system of work on the correction of myofunctional disorders in children of primary school age with special educational needs. It is proved that the complex application of kinesiotaping, orofacial and articulation massage, myogymnastics and long-term wearing of special trainers in the complex rehabilitation of myofunctional disorders in primary school children with special educational needs helped regulate the tone of facial expressions, chewing gum, and strength; reduction of hypersalivation; normalization of mobility of jaw joints, lower jaw, larynx; partial qualitative improvement of chewing and swallowing processes; reduce swelling and congestion in the muscles.