Abstract
Abstract. In this article, we have studied the incidence angle effect on Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) intensity. In previous tests, it has been found that the backscattered intensity of an object affects the incidence angle effect. We made additional experiments to investigate the potential mixing of distance and incidence angle effects and the role of surface parameters such as object grain size and scanning wavelength. The results indicate that distance and incidence angle effects do not mix and laboratory measured correction values can be used to correct intensity data from field-scanned point clouds. We also compared the laboratory measurements to real world surfaces to validate the correction procedures in practical TLS applications. The idea is also to make practical recommendations for TLS intensity correction in most common TLS applications.
Highlights
The intensity data recorded by airborne and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) instruments has been studied intensely during the last few years
The intensity data is mostly applied in the processing and visualization of the range data, and most of the laser scanner studies are still being published without any radiometric calibration of the intensity data
The results in this paper show that the intensity distance effect and incidence angle effect do not mix, which makes it possible to correct both by using different models that are independent of the measurement
Summary
The intensity data recorded by airborne and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) instruments has been studied intensely during the last few years. We have tested the distance and incidence angle correction methods with TLS field data and investigated the possible mixing of these effects in a practical case, where the distance and incidence angle effects almost always occur simultaneously This is important in the measurement and calibration of TLS and recently increased mobile laser scanner (MLS) intensity, and needs to be taken into account in the intensity correction. We have extended and optimized the correction procedure introduced in (Kaasalainen et al, 2011 & Kukko et al, 2008), to find out whether an intensity-based correction of the incidence angle effect would be sufficient in the case of surfaces of intermediate-scale roughness (i.e., excluding the extremes of surface roughness with respect to the laser spot size), or using a reference target with (visually) similar surface properties The double-blind peer-review was conducted on the basis of the full paper
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