Correction and resocialization of convicted persons on the territory of Ukraine in the XIX–XX centuries: theoretical and practical aspects

Abstract

The article is devoted to a step-by-step study aimed at reproducing the chain of historical events, peculiarities of the origin and primary legislative consolidation of the processes of correction and resocialization in the system of execution of criminal punishments on the territory of Ukraine. The authors set the goal to analyze not only the gradation of scientific and philosophical thought on the correction and resocialization of convicts in the XIX–XX centuries, but also to investigate the level of practical implementation of doctrinal provisions. The main historical events that influenced the development of correction and resocialization in the demarcation, repressive and reorganization periods of the history of Ukraine were outlined. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of regulations. The aim was to investigate not only the terminological component, but also the actual presence, because the resocialization of convicts existed long before its legislative consolidation in its modern form. To write the article, the authors used quotes from leading scholars of the period under study, statistics on the number of convicts in Ukraine in different periods of history, materials of public speeches of leading lawyers and a number of primary sources of historical significance. It was found that in the XIX–XX centuries. correction and resocialization have gone through a difficult path of formation and further transformation. The formation of a modern approach to understanding these concepts was influenced by several complex reforms of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, two world wars, a series of civil revolutions, the influence of about five separate state formations during political instability and destruction, periods of state formation, political usurpation with totalitarian regime. and a network of correctional labor camps, "thaw", complete Sovietization and a radical paradigm shift, which was associated with the improvement of domestic and foreign experience in the late twentieth century.