Correction: Amphiregulin enhances alpha6beta1 integrin expression and cell motility in human chondrosarcoma cells through Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/AP-1 pathway.

Abstract

// Jui-Chieh Chen 1, 2, 3 , Yu-Ju Chen 4 , Chih-Yang Lin 2 , Yi-Chin Fong 5, 6 , Chin-Jung Hsu 5, 6 , Chun-Hao Tsai 6, 7 , Jen-Liang Su 3, 8, 9, 10 , Chih-Hsin Tang 2, 8, 11 1 Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan 2 Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 3 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan 4 School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 5 School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 6 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 7 Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 8 Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 9 Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 10 Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 11 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Correspondence to: Chih-Hsin Tang, e-mail: chtang@mail.cmu.edu.tw Jen-Liang Su, e-mail: jlsu@nhri.org.tw Keywords: chondrosarcoma, amphiregulin, integrin, cell migration Received: January 06, 2015 Accepted: February 16, 2015 Published: March 18, 2015 ABSTRACT Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor that produces cartilage matrix. The most lethal aspect is its metastatic property. We demonstrated that amphiregulin (AR) is significantly upregulated in highly aggressive cells. AR silencing markedly suppressed cell migration. Exogenous AR markedly increased cell migration by transactivation of α6β1 integrin expression. A neutralizing α6β1 integrin antibody can abolish AR-induced cell motility. Knockdown of AR inhibits metastasis of cells to the lung in vivo . Furthermore, elevated AR expression is positively correlated with α6β1 integrin levels and higher grades in patients. These findings can potentially serve as biomarker and therapeutic approach for controlling chondrosarcoma metastasis.