Correcting for underestimation of microzooplankton grazing in bottle incubation experiments with mesozooplankton

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 221:59-75 (2001) - doi:10.3354/meps221059 Correcting for underestimation of microzooplankton grazing in bottle incubation experiments with mesozooplankton Jens C. Nejstgaard1,*, Lars-Johan Naustvoll2, Andrey Sazhin3 1Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen High Technology Center, PO Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway 2Flødevigen Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, 4817 His, Norway 3P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Nahimovsky Av. 36, Moscow 117851, Russia *E-mail: jens.nejstgaard@ifm.uib.no ABSTRACT: Bottle incubation experiments are widely used in mesozooplankton grazing studies. However, we have shown here that traditional particle removal experiments with Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus as grazers on natural plankton may yield low or even statistically significant (p < 0.05) negative grazing estimates, even though negative grazing rates are impossible. Low grazing rates are often reported, especially on smaller prey types, despite abundant food and significant egg production. Microzooplankton, such as ciliates, show higher biomass-specific grazing rates on algae than do copepods and other mesozooplankton. Instead, copepods often selectively feed on the microzooplankton. Thus, apparent negative rates would be expected when the release of microzooplankton grazing pressure outweighs the copepod grazing rates on the same food items in the incubation bottle. We show that this potentially large bias increases with microzooplankton community grazing pressure in the control. A simplified general method to correct for this bias is presented and compared with the original method (Nejstgaard et al. 1997, Mar Ecol Prog Ser 147:197-217). Although complexity and the need for taxonomic accuracy are reduced in the general method, the results are not significantly different between the 2 methods. Both methods also show a good fit with ingestion rates estimated from faecal pellet production. We suggest that the general method be combined with automated sample treatment in future studies. In addition, we argue that carefully estimated faecal volume production provides a simple and quick overall feeding estimate with important advantages over the common gut pigment technique, and it may be used as an independent method in bottle incubation experiments. KEY WORDS: Calanus finmarchicus · Calanus helgolandicus · Microzooplankton · Grazing methods · Clearance · Ingestion · Faecal pellet production · Natural plankton · Bottle effect Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 221. Online publication date: October 18, 2001 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2001 Inter-Research.