Abstract
Corporal punishment is the physical punitive measures of parents against children with devastating consequences when bordering on child abuse. This has even led to legislation against corporal punishment while controversy and criticism divides researchers and practitioners as to the prohibition against moderate and functional corporal punishment which may act as an effective method of education. Limited research exists on corporal punishment and its effect on the emotional aspects of children and investigation is required due its inherent and immense cultural importance. We studied the relationship between corporal punishment in the context of parenting style and anxieties in pre-adolescent children from northern Israel (age= 11.5 ± 0.56 yrs, n = 101). A positive association between general level of parental punishment and elevated anxieties was elucidated, mainly for the children of authoritarian parents. In addition, within this group children who experienced high levels of corporal punishment were more anxious. In contrast, this was not observed in children of authoritative parents. Results reported here indicate the apparent moderating role parenting style has on corporal punishment in the context of anxieties in children and conclude that while high level of corporal punishment is harmful, moderate corporal punishment may be harmless to children in specific parenting contexts.
Highlights
Corporal punishment by definition includes any kind of physical punitive measures (Gershoff, 2002; Xing & Wang, 2013; Ma, Hanb, Grogan-Kaylorb, Delvab, & Castillo, 2012; Aucoin, Paul & Bodin, 2006) in response to a child’s inappropriate behavior and may take the form of beatings, such as a spanking the buttocks, slapping, pinching, hair pulling, ear twisting and, in extreme cases, beating with a belt or a stick (Zolotor & Puzia, 2010)
We studied the relationship between corporal punishment in the context of parenting style and anxieties in pre-adolescent children from northern Israel
The hypotheses were tested by correlations between parental punishment scale (IPPS),various anxiety variables (SCARED) and parenting style cross-sections
Summary
Corporal punishment by definition includes any kind of physical punitive measures (Gershoff, 2002; Xing & Wang, 2013; Ma, Hanb, Grogan-Kaylorb, Delvab, & Castillo, 2012; Aucoin, Paul & Bodin, 2006) in response to a child’s inappropriate behavior and may take the form of beatings, such as a spanking the buttocks, slapping, pinching, hair pulling, ear twisting and, in extreme cases, beating with a belt or a stick (Zolotor & Puzia, 2010). Corporal punishment has been linked with poor psychological development of children and adolescents (Straus & Paschall, 2009). This has led to corporal punishment being banned by law in 24 countries, mostly European, a number of South and Central American countries and throughout the Middle East (Zolotor & Puzia, 2010). In recent years criticism has developed in the scientific community regarding the prohibition against corporal punishment, suggesting a systematic bias of the understanding and interpretation of empirical evidence (Baumrind, 1996; Barumrind, Larzelere, & Cown, 2002; Larzelere & Baumrind, 2010). The adverse effects of parental spanking and abusive behavior are confounded
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