Abstract
The review considers wild animal coronaviruses that live in Russia and present certain epidemic and epizootic risks. It is believed that coronaviruses entered the human population from representatives of the wild fauna and bats (the main hosts are natural reservoirs), as well as snakes, pangolins, civets, camels (intermediate hosts) are proposed as candidates. Meanwhile, this list is much wider and the intermediate link may be feline (tigers, leopards, Pallas’s cats, caracals, European wildcat and eurasian lynxs), mustelidae (american minks, ferrets and siberian weasel), rodents (mice and rats), marine mammals (harbour seal, bottlenose dolphin and beluga whale), as well as insectivores, namely hedgehogs (European, Amur and other species). The majority (60-75 %) of viral pathogens enter the human population from animals, of which at least 70% are wild. The influence of the exploitation of wild animals by mankind on the appearance of pandemics has been observed, which in itself provokes the emergence of new viruses in nature. Flora and fauna, adapting to the growing anthropogenic impact, are geographically redistributed.
Highlights
Coronaviruses, considered until the 1960s exclusively "avian respiratory pathogens", by the beginning of the XXI century were already considered as a serious veterinary problem for pig breeding, and, in part, for cattle breeding
V. (2020) rightly notes, "We can only regret the lack of attention in the past among Russian scientists to ... study the pathogens of coronavirus infections and their host ecosystems on the territory of Russia." The species spectrum of the domestic fauna, which is known about coronaviruses, is limited; almost all data were obtained by foreign researchers and, as a rule, in species with a wide range of habitats that cover the territories of other countries
Since all alpha - and betacoronaviruses are found in insectivorous bats, a search for them in European hedgehogs – Erinaceus europaeus), insectivorous mammals, led to the discovery of a new, closely related MERS - and SARSCoVs, betacoronavirus in faecal samples of individuals raised in an animal shelter in Germany (Corman V. et al, 2014), which was named Erinaceus coronavirus - EriCoV
Summary
It is believed that coronaviruses entered the human population from representatives of the wild fauna and bats (the main hosts are natural reservoirs), as well as snakes, pangolins, civets, camels (intermediate hosts) are proposed as candidates. This list is much wider and the intermediate link may be feline (tigers, leopards, Pallas's cats, caracals, European wildcat and eurasian lynxs), mustelidae (american minks, ferrets and siberian weasel), rodents (mice and rats), marine mammals (harbour seal, bottlenose dolphin and beluga whale), as well as insectivores, namely hedgehogs (European, Amur and other species). Flora and fauna, adapting to the growing anthropogenic impact, are geographically redistributed
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