Coronavirus Infection in a Child of the First Year of Life: a Case Report

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. Over the past few months, the topic of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children has been evolving at an extraordinary pace, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications on this subject. The disease does not begin to develop immediately, not at the moment the virus enters the body, but after some time, and that is 14-21 days later. This is evidenced by the presence of IgG antibodies and the absence of RNA virus in the biological loci. Representatives of the Pediatric Intensive Care Society of Great Britain felt it necessary to circulate the “PICS Statement”, which contained data on the increasing number of children with a new multisystem inflammatory disease associated with positive tests for SARS-CoV-2. However, it should be noted that this association was confirmed in only some patients by appropriate tests performed in laboratory settings. The course of the disease was similar to a toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease, for which the characteristic symptoms are heart disease, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. The patients showed abnormalities in blood parameters, changes in the number of blood corpuscules, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, troponin, brain natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP) was high. AIM. Using a case study to show the importance of a timely detection, treatment and follow-up of children with a new coronavirus infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The mother of a 3-month-old child (the subject of the study) applied to the follow-up office of the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital in Ufa with a history of COVID-19 infection. The following were used to diagnose the current condition: copying of data from medical records, clinical examination with assessment of physical and psychomotor development, consultations of single-skilled specialists to make a diagnosis, laboratory and instrumental examinations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The article presents an observation of a 1-year-old patient with COVID-19 infection complicated by multisystem inflammatory syndrome, including the Kawasaki syndrome. In this patient, against the background of the third hospitalization for COVID-19, a positive dynamics of the course of the disease was achieved with discharge to the outpatient stage of treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSION. Lesions of organs and organ systems caused by COVID-19 require an integrated approach to diagnosis and management of patients. Further accumulation of data on diagnosis and clinical course of the new coronavirus infection in children remains an urgent scientific and practical task.