Abstract
BackgroundThe respiratory system involvement is the most common presentation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, other organs including the central nervous system (CNS) could be affected by the virus. Strokes, seizures, change in mental status, and encephalitis have been reported as the neurological manifestation of the disease. We hypothesized that COVID-19 could predispose younger patients to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 has any relationship with the occurrence of spontaneous ICH in young or not.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all the patients with spontaneous ICH who were referred to our center between 20 Feb and 1 Sep 2020. The demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory test data were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups. The COVID-19 positive patients and COVID-19 negative ones. All the variables including age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hematoma volume and location, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus on admission, the length of hospital stay, the lab test results and the clinical outcome at last visit or discharge as Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 22 COVID-19 positive patients (20.8%) and 84 COVID-19 negative ones (79.2%). The mean age of the patients in the case group (54.27 ± 4.67) was significantly lower than that in the control group (69.88 ± 4.47) (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, our results showed a significant difference between the two groups based on the presence of chronic arterial hypertension (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups based on gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hematoma volume, need for surgery, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus on admission, White Blood Cell (WBC) count, platelet count, Prothrombin Time (PT), and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur results show that COVID positive patients with ICH are younger and with less predisposing factors than COVID negative subjects with ICH.
Highlights
The respiratory system involvement is the most common presentation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Our results show that COVID positive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are younger and with less predisposing factors than COVID negative subjects with ICH
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) that reported in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Providence, China for the first time [1]
Summary
The respiratory system involvement is the most common presentation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Other organs including the central nervous system (CNS) could be affected by the virus. Seizures, change in mental status, and encephalitis have been reported as the neurological manifestation of the disease. The typical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory system involvement. It can present as cough, shortness of breath, fever, chills, muscle pain, sore throat, fatigue, malaise, etc. The COVID-19 can affect the other organs of the body such as the central nervous system (CNS) [2, 3]. It has been reported that the disease could be associated with neurological presentations including seizures, change in mental status, and encephalitis [2]. Strokes have been reported as one of the neurological manifestations of the disease [4]
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