Abstract
The article analyzes the achievements and problems, which US President Donald Trump encountered during the implementation of his election program to transform the country. Author consider these subjects in the broad context of the transformation of the modern world order and the change in the narratives of global geopolitics. The author emphasizes that the United States is committed to the re-industrialization and nationalization of the American economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the general global uncertainty of the prospects for world development. Main components of such politics are the struggle for jobs for Americans and competition for highly skilled labor in the global labor market. The main topic of research is focused on migration policy is an essential component of the overall reform plan. Taking into account that until recently the USA was the largest economy in the world, the author concludes that the US migration policy has a multifaceted global impact on the international labor market, since the USA is the main importer of labor. The main factors that have a decisive influence on the effectiveness of the implementation of the declared course are the features of the functioning of the American labor market (including the high cost of local labor and the lack of qualified personnel in a number of sectors of the American economy). Analyzing the effect of these factors, the author notes their contradictory effect on the country's economy and concludes that the measures taken are insufficient due to the situation of tough confrontation between the main political forces in modern America. The author claims that the growing global competition for highly qualified personnel will remain one of the main trends of the upcoming era. The aim of the work is conceptualization of approaches to the study of migration processes in the conditions of the technological transformation of the modern world and the interpretation of international experience in the reform of migration policies.
Highlights
The author emphasizes that the United States is committed to the re-industrialization and nationalization of the American economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and the general global uncertainty of the prospects for world development
Main components of such politics are the struggle for jobs for Americans and competition for highly skilled labor in the global labor market
Taking into account that until recently the USA was the largest economy in the world, the author concludes that the US migration policy has a multifaceted global impact on the international labor market, since the USA is the main importer of labor
Summary
При этом в составе рабочей силы в возрасте от 16 лет и старше занятые, родившиеся за пределами территории США, играют еще более заметную роль – 27,2 млн человек, что составляет 17,3% от общего числа занятых. В ходе своей предвыборной кампании Трамп обещал с помощью мер иммиграционной политики, основанной на протекционизме, добиться от компаний при найме новых сотрудников безусловного приоритета для американцев. Это также требовало ужесточения регулирования нелегальной миграции, с учетом того, что ситуация с ней зеркально отражалась и на составе рабочей силы, включавшей 7,6 млн нелегальных иммигрантов (порядка четверти всех занятых иммигрантов и 4,6% от общего числа работающих). Из общего ряда выбиваются лишь строительство и транспорт, в которых, как очевидно, ощущается нехватка рабочей силы для реализации целого комплекса анонсированных еще во время избирательной кампании проектов по развитию инфраструктуры, возрождению американской промышленности, обеспечению инвестиционных проектов. Только за первые несколько месяцев руководства Трампом страной были зафиксированы сотни инцидентов с отказом в продлении или выдаче визы квалифицированным иммигрантам
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