Coronary Artery Disease Modifies Left Ventricular Remodelling due to Heavy Alcohol Consumption

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and excessive alcohol use can both damage the myocardium. Their combined effect on the heart muscle has not been characterized. We set out to assess whether the presence of CAD modifies the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the left ventricular (LV) structure in middle-aged men. A postmortem examination was performed on 700 Finnish men (age range, 33-70 years) who experienced a sudden, nonhospital death. A coronary arteriography and measurement of the LV wall thickness, cavity area, and ratio by planimetry of transversal ventricular slices were done at the autopsy. The men were grouped by the most severe coronary artery diameter stenosis (<30%, 30-60%, >60%) and by daily alcohol dose (<12 g, 12-72 g, 72-180 g, >180 g) estimated by a structured interview of their lifetime partner. Analysis by ANCOVA, adjusted for age, body size, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes, showed a statistically significant interaction between the effects of coronary artery stenosis and daily alcohol dose on the LV cavity area (p = 0.037) and on the LV wall thickness/cavity area ratio (p = 0.018). In the group with <30% stenosis, the LV wall thickness/cavity area ratio (mean +/- SEM) increased from 1.6 +/- 0.2 mm/cm2 in men drinking <12 g/day to 6.2 +/- 1.4 mm/cm2 in men drinking 72-180 g/day (p = 0.021). A similar trend was seen in men with 30-60% coronary stenosis (p = 0.32). By contrast, in men with >60% coronary stenosis, the LV wall thickness/cavity area ratio decreased with increasing daily alcohol use from 2.2 +/- 0.3 to 1.4 +/- 0.1 mm/cm2 (p = 0.27). CAD modulates the effects of alcohol on the heart muscle. Heavy drinking results in concentric LV remodelling in men with no or only mild coronary artery stenoses whereas an opposite trend is seen in men with severe coronary artery obstructions. The mechanism of the interaction remains unknown.