Abstract
Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease pharmacotherapy, despite substantial progress, is still not satisfactory for both patients and clinicians. In view of the chronic and relapsing disease course and not always effective treatment with adverse effects, attempts to search for new, more efficient, and safer substances are essential and reasonable. This study was designed to elucidate the impact of cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract (CE) and loganic acid (LA) on adherent-invasive E. coli growth and adhesion in vitro and to assess the effect of pretreatment with CE or LA on the course of intestinal inflammation in rat experimental colitis compared with sulfasalazine. Methods Antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of CE and LA were assessed using microdilution, Int407 cell adherence, and yeast agglutination assays. The colitis model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Studied substances were administered intragastrically for 16 days prior to colitis induction. Body weight loss; colon index; histological injuries; IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α, and chemerin levels; and STAT3, Muc2, and TFF3 mRNA expression were evaluated. Results Only CE exerted antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities in vitro and alleviated colonic symptoms. CE coadministrated with sulfasalazine was more effective than single compounds in reversing increased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17, and chemerin and decreased Muc2 mRNA expression. Conclusions CE exerted a protective effect against experimental colitis via impaired mucosal epithelial barrier restoration and intestinal inflammatory response attenuation and given concomitantly with sulfasalazine counteracted colitis in a more effective way than sulfasalazine alone, which indicates their synergistic interaction. The beneficial effect of CE may also be due to its bacteriostatic and antiadhesive activities.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic and recurring intestinal disorders which comprises two main entities, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has become a global healthcare problem
In addition to bacteriostatic and antiadhesive properties of the cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract, the results found in this study revealed that CE enhanced mucosal epithelial barrier restoration and protected the goblet cells and their content, such as mucin 2 (Muc2) and trefoil factor-3 (TFF3)
We have indicated that cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract at the high dose (100 mg/kg) significantly reversed the increased colonic level of all studied cytokines but not STAT3 expression caused by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) whereas sulfasalazine normalized tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and STAT3 expression
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic and recurring intestinal disorders which comprises two main entities, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has become a global healthcare problem. IBD decreases patients’ quality of life, has a poor prognosis, and leads to lifelong morbidity. Both forms of IBD are differentiated by their location and extent of inflammatory changes in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was designed to elucidate the impact of cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract (CE) and loganic acid (LA) on adherent-invasive E. coli growth and adhesion in vitro and to assess the effect of pretreatment with CE or LA on the course of intestinal inflammation in rat experimental colitis compared with sulfasalazine. The beneficial effect of CE may be due to its bacteriostatic and antiadhesive activities
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