Corneal Sub-Basal Nerve Changes in Patients with Herpetic Keratitis During Acute Phase and after 6 Months.

Vilija Danileviciene,Irena Nedzelskiene,Reda Zemaitiene,Vilte Marija Gintauskiene,Dalia Zaliuniene

doi:10.3390/medicina55050214

Vilija Danileviciene, Irena Nedzelskiene + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050214

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Abstract

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe corneal sensitivity and the morphological changes of sub-basal corneal nerves using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) in herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis-affected eyes, and to compare with both contralateral eyes and with the eyes of patients with a previous history of herpes labialis but no history of herpetic eye disease, and with healthy patients with no history of any HSV diseases, during the acute phase of the disease and after six months. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study included 269 patients. All of them underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry and LSCM within the central 5 mm of the cornea. After six months, all the patients with herpetic eye disease underwent the same examination. Serology tests of the serum to detect HSV 1/2 IgG and IgM were performed. Results: HSV-affected eyes compared with contralateral eyes, herpes labialis and healthy control group eyes demonstrated a significant decrease in corneal sensitivity, corneal nerve fibre density, corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fibre length and corneal nerve total branch density (p < 0.05). During follow up after six months, corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve parameters had increased but did not reach the parameters of contralateral eyes (p < 0.05). Previous herpes labialis did not influence corneal sensitivity and was not a risk factor for herpetic eye disease. Conclusions: Corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve changes in HSV-affected eyes revealed a significant decrease compared with contralateral eyes, and with the eyes of patients with a previous history of herpes labialis, and of healthy controls. Following six months, corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve parameters increased; however, they did not reach the parameters of contralateral eyes and the eyes of healthy controls. The best recovery of corneal sensitivity was seen in patients with epithelial keratitis. Herpes labialis was not a risk factor for herpetic eye disease.

Highlights

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes herpes labialis and herpetic eye disease, which is a common condition that usually develops as an epithelial, stromal, or endothelial keratitis or uveitis.The disease is a major cause of corneal blindness
The novelty of the study is to compare the results during the primary visit and after six months for herpes simplex virus (HSV) patients and to collate them with healthy controls, and with the subjects who had a previous history of herpes labialis but no history of herpetic eye disease
Corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve changes in HSV affected eyes revealed a significant decrease compared with contralateral eyes and the eyes of patients with previous history of herpes labialis and of healthy patients

Summary

Introduction

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes herpes labialis and herpetic eye disease, which is a common condition that usually develops as an epithelial, stromal, or endothelial keratitis or uveitis.The disease is a major cause of corneal blindness. The purpose of this study was to describe corneal sensitivity and the morphological changes of sub-basal corneal nerves using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) in herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis-affected eyes, and to compare with both contralateral eyes and with the eyes of patients with a previous history of herpes labialis but no history of herpetic eye disease, and with healthy patients with no history of any HSV diseases, during the acute phase of the disease and after six months. Previous herpes labialis did not influence corneal sensitivity and was not a risk factor for herpetic eye disease. Conclusions: Corneal sensitivity and sub-basal nerve changes in HSV-affected eyes revealed a significant decrease compared with contralateral eyes, and with the eyes of patients with a previous history of herpes labialis, and of healthy controls. Herpes labialis was not a risk factor for herpetic eye disease

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