Abstract
To identify and compare keratometric, corneal thickness, and elevation parameters and indices among healthy children, ocular allergy, and keratoconus using the OCULUS Pentacam Scheimpflug topography system. This study included healthy children, children with ocular allergy (OA) without keratoconus, and children with keratoconus (KC). The study design consisted of a prospective evaluation and review of medical records from a Brazilian ophthalmology department. The exclusion criteria were inability to undergo the ocular exam, other ocular diseases, contact lens wear, and topographic corneal ectasia. The effect of each corneal parameter was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex and age, and ROC curves were used to assess the ability each variable to discriminate among groups. A total of 182 subjects were included: healthy children (n = 99), children with OA (n = 32), and children with KC (n = 51). Groups differed in terms of sex, with more males in the OA group (73.2%) and the KC group (67.7%) than in the control group (40.9%). All corneal parameters studied differed significantly between the control and KC groups, and between the OA and KC groups; they also differed significantly between the three groups in terms of astigmatism, q-value, CCT, TP, BAD-D, and ARTmax values. We present the first study to describe and compare corneal tomographic parameters in healthy children, OA, and KC. Keratometry indices, ACD, ARTmax, AETP, and PETP were found to be the most useful for differentiating between healthy and KC children.IBR registry number: CAAE 54921916.9.0000.5404.
Highlights
To identify and compare keratometric, corneal thickness, and elevation parameters and indices among healthy children, ocular allergy, and keratoconus using the OCULUS Pentacam Scheimpflug topography system
A number of inflammatory mediators are expressed in the cornea and ocular surface of patients with ocular allergy, including histamine, protease, tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)[17], and these mediators may contribute to the development and progression of K C18–22
We calculated the diagnostic ability of different corneal parameters using the OCULUS Pentacam Scheimpflug topography system and estimated cutoffs with high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating children with ocular allergy and children with KC from healthy children
Summary
To identify and compare keratometric, corneal thickness, and elevation parameters and indices among healthy children, ocular allergy, and keratoconus using the OCULUS Pentacam Scheimpflug topography system. This study included healthy children, children with ocular allergy (OA) without keratoconus, and children with keratoconus (KC). Despite the vast amount of studies evaluating corneal parameters in adults[12] and healthy children[13], similar data on children with corneal irregularities are still s carce[14]. The lack of such information may limit the use of the Scheimpflug technology to identify abnormal corneas earlier in the disease’s progression. A number of inflammatory mediators are expressed in the cornea and ocular surface of patients with ocular allergy , including histamine, protease, tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)[17], and these mediators may contribute to the development and progression of K C18–22
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