Corn agronomic traits and recovery of nitrogen from fertilizer during crop season and off-season

Luis Felipe Garcia Fuentes,Ademar Pereira Serra,Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino,Luiz Carlos Ferreira De Souza,Jerusa Rech

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2018001000009

Luis Felipe Garcia Fuentes, Ademar Pereira Serra + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018001000009

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Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate corn agronomic traits in a cultivation subjected to different N rates, during the fall-winter (off-season) and spring-summer crop seasons, and N recovery from fertilizer. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement, with the following treatments: five N topdressing rates - 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 -, using urea as source; and two crop seasons, fall-winter and spring-summer. The following variables were determined: plant height, height of the first ear insertion, number of grains per ear, diameter and length of ear, 1,000-grain weight, N concentration in the leaves and grains, grain-protein concentration, grain yield, N recovery from fertilizer, and soil-N supply. Nitrogen rates in the fertilizer in the fall-winter season had no effect on grain yield, although corn agronomic traits showed a greater reliance on fertilizer-N rates in that season than in the spring-summer, which is a season associated to a greater capacity of soil-N supply to plants. The quantification of soil-N supply enabled knowing the nutrient dynamics during the fall-winter and the spring-summer seasons, which may be useful to guide N fertilization of corn.

Highlights

Nitrogen use efficiency in cereals is quite low – 33% on average (Raun & Jonhson, 1999)
Plant height was higher in the spring–summer than in the fall–winter season, and increased with the application of N-fertilizer
There was effect on the stem diameter and ear length, and the spring– summer crop season resulted in higher stem diameter, ear length, and 1,000-grain weight (Figure 2)

Summary

Introduction

Nitrogen use efficiency in cereals is quite low – 33% on average (Raun & Jonhson, 1999). This fact, added to other N losses that may occur, can result in little N recovery from fertilizers, if the nutrient losses are not minimized. The amount of N exported through harvest, the remaining N in the soil, and the expected grain yield should all be considered to improve the recovery of N from the fertilizer and avoid soil-N depletion over time

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