Corm size determination and genetic variability studies in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Abstract

The objective of the current study was laid in augmented block design at ARSSSS Pampore, to examine the optimal corm size, and genetic divergence and to observe the phenotypic and genotypic variability (PCV, GCV) for corm attributes. The genetic divergence among selected lines was thoroughly investigated for the identification of elite divergent traits showing economic gains along with their contribution towards yield. Significant differences were observed among populations for all traits, including the multiplication index (MI) (3.0-5.0) with a mean of 3.8, the number of days to 50% sprouting (22- 134) with a mean of 128 days, and the Big Corm Index (BCI) (6-15) with a mean of 10.42g, indicating the presence of a high level of variability and therefore imply considerable scope for saffron improvement via proper corm selection. Bigger corm size (8-12cm) indicates earlier and more persistent flowering, as well as big flower size, implying a direct effect on saffron yield, however, there was no effect on saffron quality. It was also observed that phenotypic variance estimation was greater than corresponding estimates of genotypic variance, indicating an environmental influence on trait expression. Genetic variability studies are critical for understanding the degree of variability and the potential for its future use in subsequent breeding programs.