Abstract
The aims of this study are to determine the chemical composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Coriandrum sativum L. essential oils, to evaluate their cytotoxic effects in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, to investigate whether an alteration of adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) and of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression can take part in the molecular mechanisms of the essential oils, and to study their possible neuronal electrophysiological effects. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and studied by GC and GC-MS. In the oils from L. angustifolia and C. sativum, linalool was the main component (33.1% and 67.8%, respectively). SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with different concentrations of essential oils and of linalool. Cell viability and effects on ADCY1 and ERK expression were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT and Western blotting, respectively. Variation in cellular electrophysiology was studied in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with a multi-electrode array (MEA)-based approach. The essential oils and linalool revealed different cytotoxic activities. Linalool inhibited ADCY1 and ERK expression. Neuronal networks subjected to L. angustifolia and C. sativum essential oils showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity.
Highlights
Essential oils are used in aromatherapy due the effects of their constituents in the treatment and prevention of certain diseases related to the Central Nervous System [1,2]
Neuronal networks subjected to L. angustifolia and C. sativum essential oils showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity
Comparing IC50 values, our findings indicated that L. angustifolia is more cytotoxic than C. sativum essential oil, probably due to components that act synergistically with linalool
Summary
Essential oils are used in aromatherapy due the effects of their constituents in the treatment and prevention of certain diseases related to the Central Nervous System [1,2]. The Lavandula genus is distributed in all Mediterranean regions and consists of about 20 species of small evergreen shrubs with aromatic foliage and flowers. Camphor, terpinen-4-ol, linalyl acetate, β-ocymene and 1,8-cineole are reported to be the main components of lavender essential oil [7,8]. This essential oil possesses different biological activities and many studies have investigated the effects of its major constituent, linalool, on brain activity or specific receptor populations [9,10,11]
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