Core−Shell Hybrid Nanoparticles with Functionalized Quantum Dots and Ionic Dyes: Growth, Monolayer Formation, and Electrical Bistability

Abstract

We report growth, monolayer formation, and (electrical bistability and memory phenomenon) properties of hybrid core-shell nanoparticles. While inorganic quantum dots, such as CdS or CdSe, act as the core, a monolayer of ionic organic dye molecules, electrostatically bound to the surface of functionalized quantum dots, forms the shell. We form a monolayer of the core-shell hybrid nanoparticles via a layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly process. Growth and monolayer formation of the organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles have been substantiated by usual characterization methods, including electronic absorption spectroscopy of dispersed solution and atomic force microscope images of scratched films. Devices based on the hybrid nanoparticles have exhibited electrical bistability and memory phenomena. From the comparison of these properties in core-shell nanoparticles and in its components, we infer that the degree of conductance switching or on/off ratio is substantially higher in the hybrid nanoparticles. Also, they (core-shell particles) provide routes to tune the bistability and memory phenomena by choosing either of the components. A monolayer of hybrid nanoparticles has been characterized by a scanning tunneling microscope tip as the other electrode. We show that a single core-shell hybrid nanoparticle can exhibit bistability with an associated memory phenomenon. Charge confinement, as evidenced by an increase in the density of states, has been found to be the mechanism of electrical bistability.