Abstract
(1) Background: Many flavonoids derived from natural sources have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Our preliminary study suggested that Coreopsis lanceolata flowers (CLFs) include high flavonoid content; (2) Methods: CLFs were extracted in 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol and fractionated into ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions. Repeated column chromatographies for the organic fractions led to the isolation of seven flavanones. Quantitative analysis of the flavanones was carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. All flavanones were evaluated for their antioxidant and pro-inflammatory inhibition effects; (3) Results: Spectroscopic analyses revealed the chemical structure of five new flavanones, coreolanceolins A–E, and two known ones. The content of the seven flavanones in extracts were determined from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 38.8 ± 0.3 mg/g. All flavanones showed radical scavenging activities (respectively 104.3 ± 1.9 to 20.5 ± 0.3 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE)/100 mg and 1278.6 ± 26.8 to 325.6 ± 0.2 mg VCE/100 mg) in the DPPH and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays and recovery activities in Caco-2 (59.7 to 41.1%), RAW264.7 (87.8 to 56.0%), and PC-12 (100.5 to 69.9%) cells against reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, all flavanones suppressed nitric oxide production (99.5% to 37.3%) and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells; (4) Conclusions: Five new and two known flavanones were isolated from CLF, and most of them showed high antioxidant and pro-inflammatory inhibition effects.
Highlights
The Coreopsis genus is the phanerogam in the Asteraceae family
We evaluated the antioxidant and pro-inflammatory inhibition properties of flavanones which were isolated from Coreopsis lanceolata flowers (CLFs) from various angles in vitro such as enteric epithelial Caco-2 cells, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and neuron PC-12cells
CLFs were extracted in 80% (v/v) aqueous MeOH, and the condensed extracts were partitioned into CLFE, CLFB, and CLFW
Summary
The Coreopsis genus is the phanerogam in the Asteraceae family. Coreopsis is commonly called “Calliopsis” or “tickseed.” The flowers are usually yellow or yellow-and-red bicolor with a toothed tip. The Coreopsis genus is widely distributed in North and South America, as well as Eastern Asia [1]. C. drummondii, and C. tinctoria are universal Coreopsis plants distributed all over. Coreopsis lanceolata is the most common Coreopsis that is encountered in Korea and has bigger flowers than the other two species. Coreopsis lanceolata is an herbaceous perennial plant that grows from 30 to 100 cm in length with lanceolate leaves. The flowers are obovate, 4–6 cm in diameter, have ends split like sawtooth, and bloom in summer [2]. Our previous study reported the isolation and identification of 12 chalcones from
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