Core-level photoemission measurements of the chemical potential shift as a probe of correlated electron systems

Abstract

The shift of the chemical potential as a function of band filling provides useful insight into the electronic structure of solids. In this article, we describe how the chemical potential shift can be measured using core-level photoemission spectroscopy and what information can be obtained from the measured chemical potential shift, in particular on strongly correlated systems. We present results on various transition-metal oxides, which include materials showing typical Fermi-liquid behavior, pseudogap behavior, charge–density wave formation, ‘stripe’ formation, etc.