Abstract
Now is the age of high-tech research and development. Different types of fibers have been produced in the last decades for the benefit of human needs. Core-shell nanofibers are a revolutionary development in the field of science and technology. Preparation of nanoscale fibers in a core-shell configuration, using two dissimilar materials, via a novel technique of electrospinning has presented unusual potential for use in many novel applications. The studies have addressed issues related to the technology involved and examined the suitability of the technique for producing unique nanoscale morphologies involving variety of materials. Numerous studies have been published on the preparation of core-shell nanofibers by electrospinning process for developing novel structures for new applications. No major review of the co-axial electrospinning process has appeared to the knowledge of the authors but is needed in order to develop a fuller understanding of the status of work in this field. After a brief introduction to the conventional electrospinning process, this paper focuses on the preparation and uses of core-shell fibers by electrospinning studies published to date. It attempts to categorize them in terms of the approaches adopted, and highlights the knowledge gained with respect to the material and process parameters that impact the size and the uniformity of the core-shell nanofibers obtained.
Highlights
The application of nanostructures in fields such as biomaterials, telecommunications, and computing has increased enormously in the recent past and has engaged the interests of scientists and engineers to invent new and novel structures involving nanofibers and efficient processes for producing them.Nanostructures of different morphologies, including solid nanorods, nanowires, hollow cylinders, fibrils, spheres and micelles, nanofiber webs, foams with nano-structured walls and pores, and nanopatterned materials have been prepared using a number of methods
The unique core-shell structure offers a number of potential benefits
The core materials should provide certain properties required by the tissue to be repaired, while the shell materials could be tailored to provide or endow additional properties, such as biocompatibility or hydrophilic properties
Summary
The application of nanostructures in fields such as biomaterials, telecommunications, and computing has increased enormously in the recent past and has engaged the interests of scientists and engineers to invent new and novel structures involving nanofibers and efficient processes for producing them. For producing nanofibrous structures for membrane applications, electrostatic spinning, or electrospinning, has emerged as a method of choice due to the simplicity of the technology and its cost effectiveness In this technique, a charged polymer solution or a charged melt flowing out of a capillary is drawn by two or more orders of stretch, using a strong electrostatic field, to obtain nanofibers in the form of a nonwoven mesh. Many modifications have been made in the basic electrospinning process in order to enhance the quality and improve the functionality of the resulting nanofiber structures One such modification that has gained much attention and holds great promise in a variety of applications is preparation of core-shell bicomponent nanofiber structures using “co-axial electrospinning” are called “two-fluid electrospinning”. There are two most common processes to produce core-shell fibers, such as: 1. Co-axial electrospinning
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